Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer

Question: Discuss about the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer. Answer: Introduction: Lung Cancer is considered to be one of the most important reason for death in many developed countries like United States and also in other parts of the world. Among the cases reported on cancer in fields of prostate, colon and breasts cancer, lung cancer has the highest rate of reporting and is even higher when the cancer rates of all other organs are combined. It has been designated as the most common form of cancer since the year of 1985 (Ridge, McErlean and Ginsberg 2013). This is in terms of both mortality and also incidence. About 1,350,000 new cases reported of lung cancer which accounts for about 12.4% of the total reported case of all types of cancer had given us an idea about how lung cancer had been the greatest contributor of cancer diaseases globally. Recently data have also suggested that incidences of lung cancer had also increased to a higher degree also in the developing countries now accounting for about 49.9% (Alberg et al. 2013). This value is indeed astonishing a s the level of occurrences of lung cancer in the year 1980 was 69% which had thereby decreased to 50.1% in developed countries. The incident rates of lung cancer is found to be higher in case of man than in case of women. It can be denoted by 62 men and women per 100,000 in the United States (Raaschchou- Nielson et al. 2013). The incident rate and the mortality rate of lung cancer are reaserched to have been a mirror imge of each other as person diagnosed with lung cancer eventually die. Cancer Research centre of United kingdom had published in its report in the year 2014 that about 46,403 cases of lung cancer have been recorded in the year 2014 with death numbers reaching to as hogh as 35,895 people. The survivability rate of the patients suffering from lung cancer accounts for about only 5% indicating that the treatment for lung cancer is not as much successful in handling such intense diseases. They also suggested that only 10 or more people survived from 2010 to 2011 in England and Welsh. About 89% of cased were reported which were designated as pervenatble cases of lung cancer in United Kingdom (Torre et al. 2015). A number of risk factors remain intricately associated with lung cancer. The prime reason of the cancer is tobacco smoking which accounts for about 80% of the lung cancer incidences. Besides lung cancer may alos occue due to passive smoking where the non smoker in close proximation of the smoker may inhale gases released from the smoker also affectinh his lungs.Exposure to radon that results from braking down of uranium in soil and ricks is also accounted from lung cancer occurrences. Exposure to asbestos may be also a factor for people working in the mines, mills, places of insulation, textile plants resulting from occupational hazards (Moyer 2014). Other chemicals at workplace may include radioactive ores like uranium, arsenic, beryllium, silica, cadmium, nickel, chromium compounds, coal products, mustard sauce products and others also contribute to the occurrences of cancer in lungs. Besides, diesel exhaust is also another source. Another risk factor is the personal or family hist ory of lung cancers which mainly rises the chance of occurrences of the disorder in an individual. Recent researchers have conducted experiments which have shown that there are many dietary supplements which increases the risk of getting lung cancer. They have suggested that smokers who have associated smoking along with the taking of beta-carotene supplements have increased chances of getting affected. Besides, cancer patients who are undergoing radiation therapy are highly vulnerable to be affected by lung cancer as well (Hall and Brenner, 2014). References: Alberg, A.J., Brock, M.V., Ford, J.G., Samet, J.M. and Spivack, S.D., 2013. Epidemiology of lung cancer: Diagnosis and management of lung cancer: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.CHEST Journal,143(5_suppl), pp.e1S-e29S. Hall, E.J. and Brenner, D.J., 2014. Cancer risks from diagnostic radiology.The British journal of radiology. Moyer, V.A., 2014. Screening for lung cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.Annals of internal medicine,160(5), pp.330-338. Raaschou-Nielsen, O., Andersen, Z.J., Beelen, R., Samoli, E., Stafoggia, M., Weinmayr, G., Hoffmann, B., Fischer, P., Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J., Brunekreef, B. and Xun, W.W., 2013. Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE).The lancet oncology,14(9), pp.813-822. Ridge, C.A., McErlean, A.M. and Ginsberg, M.S., 2013, June. Epidemiology of lung cancer. InSeminars in interventional radiology(Vol. 30, No. 02, pp. 093-098). Thieme Medical Publishers. Torre, L.A., Bray, F., Siegel, R.L., Ferlay, J., Lortet?Tieulent, J. and Jemal, A., 2015. Global cancer statistics, 2012.CA: a cancer journal for clinicians,65(2), pp.87-108.